ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

MAINLY THE STUDY OF CARBON COMPOUNDS IS CALLED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY,BECAUSE ALL LIVING ORGANISM DEPEND ON CARBON COMPOUNDS FOR THEIR EXISTANCE.TODAY, CHEMISTS CAN ALSO CREAT SYNTHETIC CARBON COMPOUNDS.NATURAL & SYNTHETHIC COMPOUNDS OCCUR IN A WIDE RANGE OF MATERIALS, SUCH AS FOOD,FUEL,PAINT,TEXTILES AND PLASTICS.

THERE ARE MAINLY TWO KINDS OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS.THEY ARE DESCRIBED BELLOW-

1. ALIPHATICS-

ORGANIC CHEMICALS CONTAINING A CHAIN OF CARBON ATOMS LINKED BY SINGLE,DOUBLE OR TRIPLE BONDS ARE CALLED ALIPHATICS.THE ELIPHATIC ETHANE OCCURS IN NATURAL GAS, AND ETHENE IS USED TO MAKE PLASTICS.

2. AROMATICS-

THE STRONG-SMELLING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CALLED AROMATICS CONTAIN A RING OF SIX CARBON ATOMS.BENZEN, THE SIMPLEST AROMATIC,IS A COLOURLESS LIQUID OBTAINED FROM COAL,NATURAL GAS AND PETROLEUM.AROMATICS ARE USED TO MAKE VIVID DYES CALLED ANILINES.

FATS & OILS-

LIQUID VEGETABLE OIL IS AN UNSATURATED FAT- A TYPE OF FAT IN WHICH SOME OF THE CARBON ATOMS ARE LINKED BY DOUBLE BONDS..WHEN THE OIL REACTS WITH HYDROGEN,THE DOUBLE BONDS BREAK AND THE CARBON ATOMS LINK UP WITH EXTRA HYDROGEN ATOMS,FORMING A SOLID FAT SUCH AS MARGARINE.SOLID FATS CONTAIN ONLY SINGLE BONDS BETWEEN THEIR CARBON ATOMS.THESE FATS ARE SAID TO BE SATURATED BECAUSE THEY CANNOT BOND WITH MORE HYDROGEN ATOMS.

POLYMERS-

POLYMERS ARE GIANT MOLECULES THAT CONSISTS OF WINDING CHAINS OF THOUSANDS OF SMALL ORGANIC MOLECULES CALLED MONOMERS.FATS,STARCHES,PLASTICS AND ARTIFICIAL FIBERS ARE MADE OF MANY ETHENE MONOMERS JOINED TOGETHER.