SCIENCE OF NINETEENTH CENTURY

UNDERSTANDING IN ALL THE SCIENCES- FROM THE PHYSICAL TO THE LIFE SCIENCES-DRAMATICALLY ADVANCED IN THE 19th CENTURY,THANKS TO BETTER COMMUNICATIONS AND SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS,AND THE POSSIBILITY OF FINANCIAL REWARD.SCIENCE BECAME LESS RELIGIOUS,AND SCIENTISTS STARTED TO LOOK AT THE WORLD AND EVERYTHING IN IT AS A PART OF A HUGE MACHINE,A VIEW THAT HELPED THEM MAKE SOME OF THE MOST IMPORTANT AND UNIFYING DISCOVERIES IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE.EXAMPLES OF NINETEENTH CENTURY SCIENCE- THEORY OF EVOLUTION-FAMOUS SCIENTIST CHARLES DARWIN WHO WAS AN ENGLISHMAN FIRST PROPOSED THAT SPECIES DEVELOP CHARACTERISTICS.HIS OBSERVATIONS LED TO THE CONCLUSION CONTROVERSIAL AT THE TIME-THAT HUMAN BEINGS ARE RELATED TO THE APES AND TO THE REST OF THE LIVING WORLD. STEAM POWER-UP TO UNTIL THE 19th CENTURY THE FORCES OF NATURE SUCH AS HEAT,LIGHT,ELECTRICITY,AND MAGNETISM-WERE SEEN AS BEING COMPLETELY UNRELATED.IN FACT,HEAT IS A FORM OF MOTION,AND THE PROOF OF THIS,ALONG WITH THE DISCOVERY OF ELECTROMAGNETISM(MAGNETISM PRODUCED BY ELECTRICITY.),LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE IDEA OF ENERGY DURING THE 1840s.THIS CONCEPT WAS FIRST RECOGNIZED BY THE ENGLISH PHYSICIST JAMES JOULE,WHO GAVE HIS NAME TO THE "JOULE"(UNIT OF ENERGY).